Telephone and wireless-telegraphy installation



Aug. 211, 3923. L46525 L. N. BRILLOUIN TELEPHONE AND WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY INSTALLATION Filed April 25, 1918 A o Rganior 5 a: 2:6 am LET- & o2

Patented as. 221, race.

LEON NICOLAS BRILLOUIN, 0F PARIS, FRANCE.

TELEPHONE AND WIRELESS-TELEGRAPH?! INSTALLATION.

Application filed April 25, 1918. Serial No. 230,794.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LrioN NICOLAS BRIL- LOUIN, citizen of the French Republic, residing at Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telephone and Vireless-Telegraphy Installations, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to telephone installations and more particularly to wireless telegraphy which form the subject of the patent application N 174,633 filed in the United States on the 13th June 1917, by Brillouin and Beauvais, which mainly consistsin inserting a condenser into each of the connections of the electrodes to each other, in conjunction with a known form of amplifier at the receiving stations of such installations; in the form of a number of audions each cOmpIiSing a filament and two different electrodes such as a grid and a plate, and in connecting the plate of one audion to the grid of the next audion, and the grid of the first audion to one of the terminals of the line, and in connecting moreover the plate of each audion through a resistance to one of the poles of a source of current.

The invention has for its main object to provide for the regulation of such installations for a given Wave length, the installation being either synchronized or nonsynchronized With respect to sustained waves.

The invention consists mainly in shunting, in a known system of installation, wherein the capacities of the condensers inserted into each of the connections between the electrodes of the audions of such installations are sufliciently small to ensure that the installations produce amplifying only for frequencies exceeding a given value, and wherein, by suitable capacities, the resistances connect the first or the second electrodes of the said audions to the source of current or alternatively the two electrodes of one andthe same audion areconnected together through a capacity-so that. the said installations produce amplifyingonly for frequencies be ow the said yalue. The inventionconsists further, in"" -nstallations comprisin connections through a caparity of one 0% the electrodes (other'than the grid of the first audion) of one of the audions of'su'ch installations, to one of the electrodes (other than the, electrode of phase With the oscillating voltage of thegrid of the same audion.

The invention comprises, apart from the principal arrangements above referred to,

other arrangements hereinafter more explicitly referred to,

the invention being capable of use either as a complete receiver .by connecting the terminal 6 to an aerial and the terminal 6 to a ground, in which case the installation will detect radio frequency oscillations or it may be used generally as an amplifier, in which case the terminals-e and 6 would be connected to any source of current to be amplified.

In the accompanying drawing, by way of example:

Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically a receiving station for wireless telegraphy, arranged according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram;

Figure 3 is a diagram showing a modification of the installation shown in Figure 1 but having the same object in view.

A number of audions; (t comprising a filament 10, 20, 30, 4O heated by a low voltage source of electricity 6, and two electrodes, namely, a grid 100, 200, 300, 400 and a plate 1, 2, 3, 4, the former or grid of which 'is connected, as regards the first audion, through a resistance It and, if necessary, a potentiometer j branched on the terminals of a source of current is, to the source of electricity b, and also, if desired through a condenser f, to one of the receiving terminals 6 of the installation, and as regards the other audions, through a resistance 71?, h it, and, if necessary, a potentiometer j branched on the terminals of the source of current is, to the source of currentib, and also through a condenser f F, f to the second electrode or plate. of the preceding audion, the second electrode or plate of which is connected, as

regard all the audions except the last one, through a resistance d (P, d to one of the (L2, a, a each poles of a source of high voltages, the other pole of'which is connected to one of the poles of the source of current b, and also throughthe condensers f f 7 to the grid of the next audion, and as regards'the last audion, to one of the "terminals of a telephone instrument g, the other terminal of which is connected to that of the terminals of the source of current 0, which is not connected to the source of current 6. The other receiving terminal 6 is connected to that of the poles of the source of current I), which is connected to the filaments of the-audions.

When it is desired to regulate or tune the said installation for a given wave-length the installation is first adjusted or regulated so that it transmits from an audion to the next one only frequencies exceeding a given frequency. It is only necessary for the purpose to make the capacities f f, f sufficiently small and in these conditions, the installation amplifies only frequencies ex ceeding the said given frequency.

The installation is then regulated so that it does not amplify frequencies exceeding another given frequency, this result being obtained, either by shunting, by means of a suitable capacity, the resistances k h or the resistances 03, d 05 connecting the plates or grids of the audions to the source of current, or by connecting the plate and grid of one and the same audion to each other by means of a suitable capacity.

In this way however the installation may be adJusted only so as to obtain amplifying of frequencies comprised between certain cannot be affected by the oscillating circuit of the aerial, and if the plate 3 of the lamp a is connected to the plate 1 of the lamp a by a condenser m,'it will be found on listening in a telephone'receiver g, if a wave meter with a buzzer sending out damped waves is placed near the installation, that the installation is strongly affected only by one definite wave length. Although this installation does not comprise any usual oscillating circuit, (the terminals 6" and 6 being short-circuiaed as above described) it 1 1 is found that it shows a very decided resonance with respect to the waves sent out by the wave meter. 'The theory of this phenomenon is hereinafter given.

If the capacity m, which is preferably variable, as shown, is a small one, there are.

no sustained oscillations; on the contrary, if the capacity m is large there are oscillations having. practically the same wave length as the resonance obtained with a small capacity. In this way, an installation is obtained which works like an oscillating circuit, with which can be synchronized at will sustained oscillations.

It will be found that the wave length of the resonance or internal waves produced within the installation may be modified in the various following manners:

By reducing the resistances. [L2, la the wave length becomes reduced.

By inserting a capacity 8 s between the plate and the grid respectively of each audion comprised between the points of connection of. the capacity m the wave length is increased, in proportion as the said capacities are larger.

By inserting between the grids of the audions comprised between the points of connection of the capacity m, and the source of current supply for such grids, a variable capacity t F, that is to say by shunting each by a capacity, the resistances 71F, it the wave length is increased, in proportion as the capacities are larger.

By inserting between the plates of the audions, and their source of current supply, a capacity a a if, that is to say by shunting each of the resistances (P, d (i by a capacity the 'wave length is increased, which capacities are preferably variable, as shown.

By inserting resistanceso '11 between the connection points of the capacity mi, and

the corresponding resistances k A or resistances 'w w? between theplate of one of the same audions, and the corresponding capacity f 7, or by adding a resistance 7 in series with the capacity m; the length of wave is also increased. Finally, the wave ties f and ,It will be, understood that, by utilizing certain of these arrangements, it is possible to regulate or tune the value-of the length of internalwave of the installation.

In fact, theoretically, in such installation, to each variation of voltage in the grid of art audion corresponds, in the plate of the length is increased by increasing the capacisaid audion, a variation of voltage in the opposite direction, and there should be a displacement of phase of 180 between the oscillations of the voltage in the grid and in theplate, But owing to the capacities which exist owing to construction, there are produced parasitic phenomena which result inmodifying'the said displacement of phase.

Moreover, owing to the existence of the car pacities f between the plate of an audion and. the grld of the next audion, and tothe existence of the resistances h", 729, the variations of voltage of the grid of an audion are displaced in phase relatively to the variations of voltage of the preceding plate. In the same way, by means of the capacity m,

is produced, in the resistance al a derivation (or shunting) of the oscillating current supplied by the plate 3 to which the said capacity is connected, the derivation in question being itself displaced in phase relatively to the voltage of the plate 3. It is advisable to cancel for the whole of the audions, the effect due to the said displace- Inent of phase, both by acting on thempacity of the existing connections which create these displacements of phase, unavoidable i'n themselves, and by producing supplementary displacements of phase, so that the sum of the displacements of phase should be a multiple of 360. To that end the various factors mentioned are acted upon, since the value of displacements of phase obviously depends on the resistances, capacities and frequency. It is advisable, however, to point out that the different factors generally act so as to modify the displacement of phase in one and the same direction. his only the connections by capacity or resistance of one audion to the next, that introduce displacements of phase in the opposite direction.

The method described, will be clearly understood by referring to Fig. 2. Let V be the vector representlng an oscillating electromotive force applied to the grid 200.

Owing to the connection by means of the capacity m, there is produced, owing to the shunting of amplified oscillations supplied by the audion a in the plate of the audion a and the grid of the audion 0. an oscillating potential V proportional to V. V ozV in absolute value and displaced in phase to an angle This vector V itself produces a vector V and so on, these vectors being due to the shunting, in the grid of the audion a, of additional actions produced by the return to the said grid of the amplified oscillations supplied by the audion If, so that in the total is obtained a resultant V.

By acting on the different factors, the values of q; and as will be modified.

For one and the same value of the proportion a, it is clear that the said resultant W is a maximum if the angle is equal to zero. The angle e is modifiedby acting on the factors already mentioned. a

This condition of zero phase enormously favours a given frequency and produces a real resonance for said frequency.

If for said frequency the value of a is very small, the amplification will be very small, and the rosonance will be concentrated on a single wave length; i. e. the diagram of the resonance phenomena shows a flattened curve, as it results in 'an oscillating circuit of high resistance. If the value of a is slightl smaller than 180 or in other Words, is slig tly smaller than TC, a very strong amplification takes place, and the resonance is very sharp. If finally the value of a is equal to, or greater than it, the installations is synchronized for sustained oscillations for-the said frequency.-

In the event of the selection of an installation comprising alarger number of audions than four, greater wave lengths are obtained accoring to the electrodes between which the capacity on is inserted. It is however advisable to point out that in an installation in which all the audions are connected in an identical manner (same values of the capacities f, s, t, u and of the resistances h, d), the Wave lengths are greater when the plate of the first audion, or the grid of the second, is connected to the plate of an audion of an odd series than when it is connected to a plate of an even series.

Thus, in the casce of a seven audion installation, greater and greater lengths of wave are obtained by connecting successively the plate of the first audion to the plate of the fourth, to the plate of the sixth, to the plate of the third, to the plate of the fifth and to the plate of theseventh.

All the methods of acting indicated above, make it possible to modify the wave length obtained by one of these connections.

In all these cases the installation can be synchronized for sustained oscillations of different wave lengths in a very gradual and easily adjustable manner.

Obviously-the invention is not limited to the methods indicated, but comprises any modifications within the scope of the claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a wireless receiving system, an amplifier comprising a series of audions each embodying a filament heated by an electric current and two different electrodes, one of which is connected to a source of current of given voltage and the other of which is connected through a resistance to a fixed positive voltage point, and capacities connecting one electrode of each audion with an electrode of another audion of the series, said capacities being sufficiently small to insure amplifying only for frequencies exceeding a given value, and additional capacities interposed between the electrodes and of such value as to insure amplifying only for frequencies below such given value.

2. In a wireless receiving system, an am lifier comprising a series of audions eaci embodying a filament adapted to be heated by an electric current, and two electrodes constituting a grid and a plate, one of which is adapted to be connected to a source of current of given voltage and the other of which is adapted to be connected through a resistance to a fixed positive voitage point, a capacity connecting one of the electrodes of one of the audions. other than the grid of the first audion of the series, to one of the said two electrodes of another audion, and means to compensate at a given frequency, for displacements of phase between ,the electrodes of the audions.

3. A wireless receiving system comprising a series of audions each embodying a filament adapted to be heated by an electrical current and two electrodes constituting a grid and a plate one'of which is connected to a source of current of given. voltage and the other of which is connected through a resistance to a fixed positive voltage point, a capacity connecting one of the electrodes of one of the audions other than the grid of the first audion of the series to one of the said two electrodes of another audion, and means for modifying the resistances which connect one of the electrodes of each audion to its source of current to thus modify the wave length for which the resonance takes place in the installation by said capacity which connects one of the electrodes of one audion to one of the electrodes of another audion.

4. A wireless receiving system comprising a series of audions each embodying a filament adapted to be heated by an electric current, two electrodes constituting, a grid adapted to be connected to a source of current supply through a resistance, and a plate, a capacity connecting an electrode of one of the audions, other than the grid of the first audion, to an electrode of another audion of the series, and means for modifying the resistance connecting the grids of the audions to their source of current supply to thus modify the wave length for which the resonance takes place in the instal-, lation by the capacity which connects an electrode of one of the audions to an electrode of another audion.

5. In a wireless receiving system, a series of audions each embodying a filament adapted to be heated by a source of current supply, two electrodes constituting a grid adapted to be connected through a resistance to a fixed positive voltage point, and aplate adapted to be connected to a source of current of given voltage, a capacity connecting an electrode of one audion other'than the grid of the first audion of the series to one of said two electrodes of another audion of the series, and a capacity connecting the grid and plate of one of the audions and interposed between the points of connection of enace of current, a capacity connecting an electrode of one of the audions other than the grid of the first audion to one of said two electrodes of another audion, and a capacity in- 7. In a wireless receiving system, a series of audions each comprisin a filament adapted to be heated by an e ectric current and two electrodes consisting of a grid connected to a source of current, and a plate connected'through a resistance to a source of current, a capacity connecting one of the electrodes of one audion other than the grid of the first audion to one of the said two electrodes of another audion, and a capacity inserted between the plates of the audions and their source of current for modifying the resistance which connects the plates to their source of current and thus modifying the wave length for which the resonance takes place in the installation by the capacity which connects one of the electrodes of one audion to one of the electrodes of another audion.

8. Ina wireless receiving system, a series trodes of. one audion, other than the grid of the first audion to one of the said two electrodes of another audion of the series, and a resistance inserted between the, grid of an audion and said resistance which connects it to its source of current, for modifying the wave length for which the resonance takes place in the installation by the capacity which connects one of the electrodes of one audion to one of the electrodes of another audion.

9. In a wireless receiving system, a series of audions each comprising a filament adapted to be heated by an electric current, and two electrodes consisting of a grid connected to a source of current, and a plate also connected to a source of current, a capacity connecting an electrode of one audion, other than the rid of the first audion to the plate of another audion, and a resistance inserted between said capacity and the plate corresponding to it for modifying the wave length for which the resonance takes place in the installation by such capacity.

10. In a wireless receiving system, a series of audions each comprisin a filament adapted to be heated by van e ectric current a filament.

neeaaeo and two electrodes, a capacity connecting an electrode of one audion, other than the grid of the first audion to one of the said two electrodes of another audion' in the series, and a resistance inserted in series with said capacity whereby the wave length for which the resonance takes place in the installation by said capacity is modified.

11. In a wireless receiving system, a series or" audions each comprising a filament adapted to be heated by an electric current and two electrodes consisting of a grid and a plate, a capacity connecting the grid of each audion other than the first audion to the plate of the preceding audion in the series, and a capacity connecting one of the electrodes of one audion, other than the grid of the first audion, to one of the said two electrodes of another audion, the capacities which connect the grids of the audions to the plates of the preceding audions in the series being variable whereby the wave length for which the resonance takes place in the installation by the capacity which connects one of the electrodes of one audion to one of the electrodes of another andion is modified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

LEON NICOLAS BnrLLoUiN.

Witnesses:

Cnas. P. Pnnssnr, PAUL BLUM 

